In soccer, overtime (also known as extra time) is used in certain competitions and situations to determine a winner when the regular 90 minutes (or 120 minutes in some cases like in the CONCACAF Champions League group stage with a different format) of regulation play ends in a draw. Here's how it generally works:
1. When overtime is applied
Overtime is typically used in elimination matches (such as in knockout rounds of tournaments like the World Cup, Champions League, etc.). If the score is tied at the end of the normal 90 minutes of play, overtime is played to try to find a winner without resorting to a penalty shootout immediately.
2. Duration
Overtime consists of two periods, each usually lasting 15 minutes, for a total of 30 minutes of additional play. There is usually a short break of about 1-2 minutes between the two overtime periods to allow players to rest and receive instructions from their coaches.
3. Rules during overtime
Scoring: The main objective during overtime is still to score goals. If a team scores more goals than the other during the 30 minutes of overtime, that team is declared the winner of the match. If both teams score the same number of goals during overtime, or if no goals are scored at all, the match will proceed to a penalty shootout.
Player substitutions: Coaches are usually allowed to make additional substitutions during overtime. The number of available substitutions may vary depending on the competition's rules. In many cases, teams can make up to a certain number (e.g., 3 additional substitutions in some major tournaments) of substitutions during the overtime period on top of the regular substitution limit in normal play.
Fouls and disciplinary actions: The normal rules regarding fouls, yellow cards, and red cards still apply during overtime. A player receiving a red card during overtime will be sent off, and their team will have to play with one fewer player for the remainder of the overtime and, if applicable, the penalty shootout.
4. Sudden death (in some cases)
In some competitions or historical periods, a "golden goal" or "silver goal" rule has been used.
Golden goal: If a team scored a goal during overtime, the game ended immediately, and that team was declared the winner. This was used in some major tournaments in the past but has become less common.
Silver goal: If a team was leading at the end of the first 15-minute period of overtime, the game ended, and that team was declared the winner. If the score was still tied at the end of the first overtime period, the second 15-minute period would be played. This rule has also been phased out in most modern competitions in favor of the standard 30-minute overtime followed by a penalty shootout if needed.
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